Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Motion that occurs in repeated cycles includes all of the following EXCEPT ____
motion. A) | pendulum | B) | harmonic | C) | linear | D) | circular | | |
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2.
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A
unit of motion repeated over and over again is called the: A) | amplitude. | B) | cycle. | C) | velocity. | D) | period. | | |
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3.
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Oscillating systems include all of the following EXCEPT: A) | the moving
pedals on a bicycle. | B) | a radio signal from FM station 90.5. | C) | Earth turning on
its axis. | D) | a block sliding down a ramp. | | |
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4.
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The
measure of the number of cycles per second is called: A) | frequency. | B) | period. | C) | amplitude. | D) | vibration. | | |
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5.
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The
unit for measuring the frequency of an oscillating system is the: A) | meter. | B) | meter/second. | C) | hertz. | D) | hertz/second. | | |
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6.
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The
amount of time required for one cycle to occur is called the: A) | amplitude. | B) | frequency. | C) | harmonic. | D) | period. | | |
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7.
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A
unit used to measure the period of a cycle is the: A) | second. | B) | hertz. | C) | meter. | D) | newton-second. | | |
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8.
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In a
mechanical system, the distance an oscillator moves from its average position is
called: A) | amplitude. | B) | cycle. | C) | frequency. | D) | period. | | |
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9.
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The
reason an oscillator may be used to keep time is the: A) | amplitude of
each cycle is uniform. | B) | period of each cycle is the same. | C) | frequency of its
vibration changes. | D) | period of its cycle can be adjusted. | | |
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10.
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A
pendulum makes one complete swing over and back in 2.2 seconds. Its frequency is: A) | 0.45
hertz. | B) | 0.45 seconds. | C) | 2.2
hertz. | D) | 2.2 second. | | |
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11.
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An
insect moves its wings up and down 144 times in three seconds. The period of this movement
is: A) | 0.0208
seconds. | B) | 48 hertz. | C) | 48
seconds. | D) | 144 hertz. | | |
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12.
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A
string is vibrating at a frequency of 440 hertz. If the frequency is doubled, what happens to the
period? A) | The period
decreases by 1/4. | B) | The period decreases by
1/2. | C) | The period remains the same. | D) | The period
doubles. | | |
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13.
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When
damping occurs in a moving pendulum system, it may cause the: A) | mass of the
pendulum to decrease. | B) | amplitude of the pendulum to
decrease. | C) | length of the pendulum to increase. | D) | period of the
pendulum to decrease. | | |
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14.
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A
sound wave is transmitted as the compression and expansion of air. Which of the following represents
one cycle of harmonic motion for a sound wave? A) | A region of high pressure and low
pressure | B) | A region of high pressure | C) | A region of low
pressure | D) | Sound waves do not have cycles of
motion. | | |
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15.
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The
diagram below represents a graph of harmonic motion:
One cycle of the
motion is represented by the distance from: A) | A to
B. | B) | B to
D. | C) | B to
E. | D) | A to
E. | | |
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16.
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A
graph of harmonic motion shows that a cycle lasts 8.0 seconds. What is the frequency of this
oscillator? A) | 0.125
hertz | B) | 0.125 seconds | C) | 8.0
hertz | D) | 8.0 seconds | | |
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17.
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The
period of a pendulum multiplied by its frequency (T x f )
equals: A) | one
amplitude. | B) | one cycle. | C) | the number
one. | D) | one
swing. | | |
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18.
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Assuming that it takes exactly 24 hours for Earth to rotate on its axis, the frequency
of rotation of Earth measured in hertz is: A) | 0.125 hertz | B) | 0.042
hertz. | C) | 1400 hertz. | D) | 86000
hertz. | E) | 1.157x10-5 hertz | | |
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19.
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The
unit most frequently used to measure the phase relationship between parts of the cycle of an
oscillator is the: A) | hertz. | B) | meter. | C) | degree. | D) | second. | | |
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20.
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One
full cycle of harmonic motion is represented by ____ degrees.
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21.
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Two
oscillators that are 180 degrees out of phase are: A) | one-quarter of a
cycle apart. | B) | one-half of a cycle apart. | C) | three-quarters
of a cycle apart. | D) | one full cycle apart. | | |
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22.
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The
graph below represents position versus time for the amplitude of a pendulum that was allowed to swing
for four seconds:
Which letter correctly identifies the amplitude of the
pendulum?
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23.
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The
diagram below represents a segment of a periodic wave:
Which two points represent the same point in a cycle? A) | C and
I | B) | A and
D | C) | B and
E | D) | C and
H | | |
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24.
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One
cycle of harmonic motion for a certain spring takes 6 seconds. If a second, identical spring is set
in motion 4 seconds after the first, the phase relationship between the motion of the two springs
differs by ____ degrees.
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25.
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The
diagram represents the harmonic motion of two identical, vibrating
springs:
The phase relationship of the two springs differs by approximately
____ degrees.
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26.
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Resonance occurs for a system in harmonic motion when the: A) | frequency of the
periodic force is larger than the natural frequency of the system. | B) | frequency of the
periodic force equals the natural frequency of the system. | C) | frequency of the
periodic force is less than the natural frequency of the system. | D) | Resonance cannot
occur for a system in harmonic motion. | | |
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27.
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If
you triple the mass on a pendulum bob, the period of the pendulum: A) | increases by 3
times. | B) | decreases by
1/3. | C) | does not change. | D) | increases by
1/3. | | |
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28.
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The
force that brings the motion of an oscillator toward its equilibrium position is called its ____
force. A) | gravitational | B) | strong | C) | restoring | D) | centripetal | | |
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29.
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You
can change the natural frequency of a pendulum by changing the: A) | mass of the
pendulum bob. | B) | length of the pendulum string. | C) | amplitude of the
restoring force. | D) | The natural frequency of a pendulum cannot be
changed. | | |
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30.
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As an
oscillating spring is moved farther from its equilibrium position, the: A) | energy does not
change. | B) | amplitude decreases. | C) | period
increases. | D) | restoring force increases. | | |
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31.
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The
term antinode is another name for the: A) | fundamental frequency of an object. | B) | harmonics of a
vibrating string. | C) | depression on a standing wave. | D) | “bump”
on a standing wave. | | |
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32.
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Multiples of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string are
called: A) | harmonics. | B) | amplitudes. | C) | interferences. | D) | nodes. | | |
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33.
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Which
of the following is NOT a property of waves? A) | Frequency | B) | Amplitude | C) | Speed | D) | Weight | | |
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34.
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Under
ordinary circumstances, a ____ wave is the slowest wave. A) | light | B) | radio | C) | sound | D) | water | | |
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35.
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The
product of the frequency and the length of a wave yields its: A) | period. | B) | amplitude. | C) | cycle. | D) | speed. | | |
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36.
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A
sound wave, generated at a frequency of 440 hertz has a wavelength of 2.3 meters as it travels
through a solid material. The approximate speed of the wave is ____ m/sec.
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37.
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Vibrating strings and similar systems have resonance patterns that occur
at: A) | frequency
intervals of 12 hertz. | B) | amplitude intervals of one meter. | C) | multiples of the
fundamental frequency. | D) | frequency intervals equal to wave speed times
wavelength. | | |
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Figure
20-1A
The diagram represents a wave pattern in a certain
medium. Answer the following questions based on the diagram.
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38.
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Referring to Figure 20-1A, the wavelength in the diagram is represented by the
distance from: A) | A to
D. | B) | B to
C. | C) | D to
F. | D) | F to
G. | | |
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39.
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Referring to Figure 20-1A, the distance from point A to point G is 6.0 meters. If the
speed of the wave is 330 meters per second, the frequency of this wave is ____ Hz.
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40.
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A
student does an experiment with a string vibrating at 20 hertz and observes the resonance pattern
shown in the diagram:
The speed of the wave on the string is ____ m/sec.
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41.
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The
wavelength of a certain frequency of light is 5 x 10-7 meters. If the speed of light is
300,000 km/sec, the frequency of the light is ____ hertz. A) | 1.67
x 10-15 | B) | 1.67 x 10-12 | C) | 6.00
x 1011 | D) | 6.00 x 1014 | | |
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42.
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The
bending of a wave front around a barrier is called: A) | reflection. | B) | refraction. | C) | diffraction. | D) | absorption. | | |
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43.
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If
your fingertip repeatedly touches the surface of water in a container at regular intervals, the
action will produce: A) | planes waves. | B) | circular
waves. | C) | crests only. | D) | troughs
only. | | |
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44.
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The
diagram represents a wave interaction as wave fronts pass through a small opening. This is an example
of:
A) | diffraction. | B) | refraction. | C) | reflection. | D) | absorption. | | |
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45.
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As a
wave front crosses a boundary between two different media, the wave front may change direction, an
interaction known as: A) | reflection. | B) | refraction. | C) | diffraction. | D) | absorption. | | |
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46.
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Theaters often use heavy curtains to reduce echoes during performances. The function
of the curtains is to ____ sound. A) | refract | B) | reflect | C) | diffract | D) | absorb | | |
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47.
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Diffraction causes waves to: A) | bounce off hard surfaces. | B) | spread out
through small openings. | C) | become smaller as they move. | D) | increase their
frequency. | | |
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48.
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The
process by which the amplitude of waves is reduced as a wave loses energy while moving through a
substance is called: A) | reflection. | B) | diffraction. | C) | absorption. | D) | refraction. | | |
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49.
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The
direction a wave moves is: A) | parallel to the wave fronts. | B) | perpendicular to
the wave fronts. | C) | in the direction of increasing
amplitude. | D) | in the direction of decreasing
frequency. | | |
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50.
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You
are still able to hear sounds coming from a room when the door is open only a tiny crack due
to: A) | reflection. | B) | refraction. | C) | diffraction. | D) | absorption. | | |
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51.
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Waves
are affected by boundaries. When a wave front meets a certain boundary, all of the following may
occur EXCEPT a change: A) | of direction. | B) | in the pattern
of the wave front. | C) | of frequency. | D) | of
amplitude. | | |
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52.
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Two
large waves on the ocean come together on the ocean’s surface to form a gigantic wave. The
interaction responsible for this is called: A) | frequency amplification. | B) | constructive
interference. | C) | destructive interference. | D) | amplitude
destruction. | | |
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53.
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Devices like a guitar, a piano, and a microwave oven function using
controlled: A) | standing
waves. | B) | destructive interference. | C) | frequency
amplification. | D) | amplitude reduction. | | |
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54.
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Resonance in waves is created by: A) | longitudinal waves only. | B) | constructive
interference with a wave’s own reflections. | C) | diffraction of a
wave around an object. | D) | absorption as a wave crosses a
boundary. | | |
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55.
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The
natural frequency of a guitar string can be changed using any of the following means
EXCEPT: A) | increasing the
length of the string. | B) | plucking the string with greater
force. | C) | increasing the thickness of the
string. | D) | decreasing the length of the string. | | |
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56.
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Which
wave interaction could be demonstrated by a single wave pulse? A) | A standing
wave | B) | Reflection | C) | Constructive interference | D) | The
superposition principle | | |
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57.
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Which
pair of moving pulses in a rope will produce destructive
interference?
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58.
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Two
pulses are traveling along a string toward each other as represented in the diagram
below:
Which phenomenon will occur as the pulses meet? A) | Interference | B) | Diffraction | C) | Reflection | D) | Refraction | | |
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59.
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Maximum destructive interference between two waves will occur when the waves are out
of phase by ____ degrees.
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60.
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Which
pair of waves produces a resultant wave with the largest amplitude?
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61.
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Maximum constructive interference between two waves of the same frequency could occur
when their phase difference is:
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62.
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For a
standing wave to form in a medium, two waves must: A) | travel in the
same direction. | B) | have different wavelengths. | C) | have the same
frequency. | D) | have different amplitudes. | | |
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63.
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The
musical term “pitch” is most directly proportional to: A) | amplitude. | B) | volume. | C) | wavelength. | D) | frequency. | | |
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64.
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The
loudness of sound is measured in units called: A) | newtons. | B) | pascals. | C) | hertz. | D) | decibels. | | |
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65.
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Ordinary conversation, measured in decibel units, would be most nearly ____
dB.
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66.
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The
term applied to objects that travel at speeds exceeding the normal speed of sound in air
is: A) | subsonic. | B) | supersonic. | C) | sonogram. | D) | reverberation. | | |
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67.
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As
the decibel level increases from 20 decibels to 40 decibels, the loudness of the sound is described
as: A) | 10 times
louder. | B) | 2 times louder. | C) | 10 times
quieter. | D) | 2 times quieter. | | |
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68.
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Due
to the Doppler effect, the pitch of the siren of a fire truck moving away from you: A) | decreases. | B) | increases. | C) | increases then
decreases. | D) | does not change. | | |
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69.
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The
four diagrams below represent the amplitude of sounds produced versus time. Which diagram represents
a complex sound?
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70.
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Sound
will travel: A) | faster in air
than in any material. | B) | fastest in outer space. | C) | faster in steel
than in air. | D) | faster in cold air than warm air. | | |
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71.
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According to the Equal Loudness Curve graph, as the frequency of a sound
decreases from 2,000 hertz to 50 hertz, the human ear’s sensitivity to the loudness of that
sound:
A) | increases. | B) | decreases. | C) | is
equal. | D) | depends on the source. | | |
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72.
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You
yell across the bottom of a wide canyon and hear your echo 3 seconds later. The approximate width of
the canyon producing the echo is ____ meters.
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73.
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Ultrasound is useful for all of the following EXCEPT: A) | examining a
beating heart. | B) | placing mp3 files on a CD. | C) | detecting
structural damage in materials. | D) | determining the gender of an unborn
child. | | |
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74.
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A
large explosion generally can be “felt” some distance away and is the source of a low
frequency sound because it causes a variation in the: A) | air
temperature. | B) | air pressure. | C) | mass of air
molecules. | D) | weight of air molecules. | | |
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75.
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Sound
shows wave characteristics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) | the mass of
sound increases as its frequency increases | B) | sound may be reflected and refracted | C) | the speed of
sound is the product of frequency and wavelength | D) | sound shows
evidence of diffraction and interference | | |
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76.
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The
speed of sound in air at normal temperatures is about ____ m/sec. A) | 34. | B) | 340 | C) | 3,400 | D) | 34,000 | | |
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77.
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The
speed of sound is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: A) | decibel
level. | B) | air pressure. | C) | temperature. | D) | weight and size of the molecules it travels
through. | | |
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78.
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Which
of the following statements about reverberations is INCORRECT? A) | Reverberations
may create dead spots in a large room. | B) | Reverberations may cause loud spots in a large
room. | C) | Reverberations are caused by absorption of sound by concert
hall walls and ceilings. | D) | The source of reverberation is multiple echoes from concert
hall walls and ceilings. | | |
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79.
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The
oscillation of air pressure can result in ____ waves. A) | transverse | B) | light | C) | longitudinal | D) | circular | | |
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80.
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Large
horns such as tubas produce sounds with long wavelengths while flutes produce sounds with short
wavelengths because: A) | the frequency of sound produced is directly proportional to the
size of the instrument. | B) | the wavelength of sound produced is directly proportional to
the size of the instrument. | C) | the wavelength of sound produced is directly proportional to
the frequency. | D) | the pitch of the sound produced is directly proportional to the
wavelength. | | |
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81.
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Which
of the following has the shortest wavelength? A) | A rumble of thunder at 20 hertz | B) | An average male
singer at 500 hertz | C) | The highest note on a piano at 5,000
hertz | D) | The whine of a jet turbine at 10,000
hertz. | | |
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82.
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The
marching band is practicing behind the school. In front of the school, students are able to hear the
band because the sound waves are: A) | absorbed by the building and trees. | B) | diffracted over
and around the school. | C) | refracted by the school building. | D) | enhanced by
destructive interference. | | |
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83.
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On
the Fourth of July, you can see large fireworks displays before you hear them because the speed of
light exceeds the speed of sound by about ____ times. A) | 10 | B) | 1,000 | C) | 100,000 | D) | 1,000,000 | | |
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84.
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The
perception of sound starts with the: A) | stimulation of the fluid in the
cochlea. | B) | response of short hairs of the ear
canal. | C) | movement of three delicate bones of the inner
ear. | D) | vibration of the
eardrum. | | |
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85.
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The
term for a regular time pattern in sound is: A) | rhythm. | B) | pitch. | C) | scale. | D) | harmony. | | |
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86.
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The
musical effect based upon the relationship between frequencies can be called: A) | pitch. | B) | harmony. | C) | beats. | D) | rhythm. | | |
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87.
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Musicians may tune their instruments to match a certain frequency by adjusting the
frequency they play to eliminate: A) | scales. | B) | rhythm. | C) | pitch. | D) | beats. | | |
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88.
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The
property of sound that most helps you to identify one person’s voice from another
is: A) | decibels. | B) | beats. | C) | harmonics. | D) | scales. | | |
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89.
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A
piano and a guitar playing the same “C” note sound different because
pianos: A) | produce sound
with more decibels. | B) | and guitars produce different combinations of
frequencies. | C) | produce pure frequencies but guitars do
not. | D) | have more
“strings”(wires) to vibrate than guitars. | | |
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90.
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A
combination of frequencies which sounds bad or is unsettling is called: A) | dissonance. | B) | consonance. | C) | harmony. | D) | pitch. | | |
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91.
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While
a young child is able to hear frequencies of sound up to 20,000 hertz, the highest frequency an
average adult is able to hear is: A) | 2,000 hertz. | B) | 5,000
hertz. | C) | 15,000 hertz. | D) | 22,000
hertz. | | |
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92.
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A
guitar player controls the notes produced by placing her fingers at specific positions on the
strings. The notes are produced as a result of: A) | diffraction. | B) | polarization. | C) | resonance. | D) | refraction. | | |
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93.
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Loud
noises damage the ear because: A) | they can block the ear canal. | B) | they are
transmitted to the ear faster in the atmosphere than quiet noises. | C) | they can cause
tiny hairs in the cochlea to break. | D) | their frequency exceeds 20,000 hertz. | | |
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94.
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All
of the following are characteristics of light EXCEPT that light: A) | has
color. | B) | has mass. | C) | can travel 7.5
times around the Earth in one second. | D) | travels in straight lines. | | |
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95.
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The
process of making light with heat is called ____. Light bulbs that produce light by heating up a
filament are called by a name similar to this. A) | photoluminescence. | B) | photosynthesis. | C) | incandescence. | D) | refraction. | | |
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96.
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The
speed of light is ____ m/sec. A) | 300 | B) | 30,000 | C) | 300,000 | D) | 300,000,000 | | |
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97.
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The
speed of light is such an important speed it is represented by its own “symbol.” The symbol
used to represent the speed of light is:
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98.
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Light
travels in straight lines in a medium. Physicists call imaginary lines used to represent light in
optical diagrams: A) | light
beams. | B) | sunbeams. | C) | light
rays. | D) | spectral lines. | | |
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99.
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If
light bounces off the surface of a material, the change in direction is called: A) | refraction. | B) | reflection. | C) | diffusion. | D) | interference. | | |
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100.
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Light
shining through a bottle of water is often bent. This change in direction is called: A) | refraction. | B) | reflection. | C) | diffusion. | D) | interference. | | |
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101.
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Of
the objects listed, the one that you do NOT see because of reflected light is: A) | a
painting. | B) | the moon. | C) | the
sun. | D) | the wall of your
home. | | |
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102.
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A
straw will appear broken in a glass of water because light traveling from air to water
is: A) | reflected. | B) | refracted. | C) | diffused. | D) | diffracted. | | |
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103.
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Which
of the following colors of light has the highest energy? A) | Red | B) | Yellow | C) | Blue | D) | Violet | | |
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104.
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During an electrical storm, thunder associated with a distant lightning strike is
heard: A) | after the
lightning is seen because sound travels slower than light. | B) | at the same time
as the lightning because they occur at the same time. | C) | before the
lightning is seen because sound travels faster than light. | D) | at the same time
as the lightning because they travel at the same speed. | | |
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105.
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Most of the objects that we see are visible to us because they ____
light. A) | refract | B) | diffract | C) | reflect | D) | emit | | |
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106.
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When
a light beam travels from a light source to your eyes, we know it: A) | travels in
straight lines. | B) | follows a zigzag path. | C) | moves very
slowly. | D) | slows down and speeds up. | | |
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107.
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Sound
travels 0.2 miles in one second. Lightning is seen to strike in the distance. Thunder associated with
the strike is heard 10 seconds later. The lightning occurred at a distance of ____
mile(s).
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108.
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If
the distance between a small light source and a screen is doubled, the intensity of light on the
screen ____ by ____ times. A) | increases, two | B) | decreases,
two | C) | increases,
four | D) | decreases,
four | | |
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109.
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If
the sun, which is located approximately 1.49 x 1011
meters from Earth, were to suddenly stop emitting light, how much time would pass before people on
Earth saw no sunlight? A) | 1.49 x 1011
seconds | B) | 0 seconds | C) | 4.96 x 102 seconds | D) | 400
minutes | | |
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110.
|
Photoreceptors commonly called cone cells respond to: A) | red, blue, and
green. | B) | yellow, cyan, and magenta. | C) | black, white,
and gray. | D) | yellow, cyan, magenta, and black. | | |
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111.
|
Rod
cells respond to: A) | white, black,
and gray. | B) | red, white, and blue. | C) | red, green, and
blue. | D) | red, yellow, and blue. | | |
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112.
|
The
additive primary colors are: A) | red, white, and blue. | B) | cyan, magenta,
and yellow. | C) | red, yellow, and blue. | D) | red, green, and
blue. | | |
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113.
|
The
color of a light source is related to its: A) | speed. | B) | energy. | C) | amplitude. | D) | frequency
multiplied by its wavelength. | | |
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114.
|
When
cone cells are stimulated by equal amounts of red, green, and blue light, we see: A) | no
light. | B) | white light. | C) | red light
because it is the dominant color. | D) | orange light. | | |
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115.
|
The
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum most useful to living things is: A) | microwave
radiation. | B) | infrared radiation. | C) | ultraviolet
radiation. | D) | visible light. | | |
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116.
|
Color
blindness is a condition that affects: A) | the retina. | B) | rod
cells. | C) | cone cells. | D) | the optic
nerve. | | |
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117.
|
Color
televisions produce images by mixing dots of: A) | red, white, and blue. | B) | red, yellow, and
blue. | C) | red, green, and blue. | D) | magenta, yellow,
and cyan. | | |
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118.
|
The
subtractive primary colors are: A) | red, white, and blue. | B) | cyan, magenta,
and yellow. | C) | red, yellow, and blue. | D) | red, green, and
blue. | | |
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119.
|
An
object that appears red in sunlight is illuminated only by blue light. It will appear to
be: A) | black. | B) | white. | C) | red. | D) | violet. | | |
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120.
|
When
white light illuminates a green leaf, ____ are the two colors of light that are mainly
absorbed. A) | green and
yellow | B) | green and red | C) | red and
blue | D) | blue and
yellow | | |
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121.
|
The
color of light that is LEAST useful for the growth of green plants is: A) | red. | B) | green. | C) | blue. | D) | white. | | |
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122.
|
Our
vision is based on: A) | the CMYK color process. | B) | the additive
color process. | C) | the subtractive color process. | D) | constructive
interference. | | |
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123.
|
Compared to the best video equipment available, the human eye can detect ____ from
light. A) | a little more
information | B) | the same amount of information | C) | much more
information | D) | much less information | | |
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124.
|
A
glass window is best described as a(n) ____ material. A) | transparent | B) | translucent | C) | absorbing | D) | reflecting | | |
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125.
|
Wax
paper is best described as a(n) ____ material. A) | transparent | B) | translucent | C) | absorbing | D) | reflecting | | |
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126.
|
A
black asphalt road is best described as a(n) ____ material. A) | transparent | B) | translucent | C) | absorbing | D) | reflecting | | |
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127.
|
A
converging lens ALWAYS: A) | causes light rays come together. | B) | makes objects
viewed through them appear smaller. | C) | causes light rays to spread apart. | D) | distorts light
by reflecting it in different directions. | | |
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128.
|
The
light ray which strikes the surface of an optical device is known as the ____ ray. A) | incident | B) | reflected | C) | refracted | D) | diffuse | | |
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129.
|
The
type of reflection in which the light is scattered into many directions is known as: A) | specular. | B) | diffuse. | C) | refracted. | D) | regular. | | |
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130.
|
Simple optical devices include lenses, mirrors, and: A) | pencils. | B) | pens. | C) | prisms. | D) | crayons. | | |
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131.
|
Referring to the diagram, which angle represents the angle of
reflection?
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132.
|
The
line drawn on a ray diagram perpendicular to the surface at the point where the incoming light
strikes the surface is called the: A) | ray. | B) | normal line. | C) | incident
light. | D) | reflected light. | | |
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133.
|
All
of the following statements correctly describe light rays EXCEPT that light rays: A) | can be seen
coming from a light by squinting your eyes. | B) | can be used to
predict the size and location of an image. | C) | are often represented with arrows on ray
diagrams. | D) | are imaginary lines which represent a thin beam of
light. | | |
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134.
|
The
diagram below represents a light ray striking a flat mirror:
What is the
value in degrees for the angle of incidence?
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135.
|
According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence is always: A) | bigger than the
angle of reflection. | B) | equal to the angle of reflection. | C) | smaller than the
angle of reflection. | D) | determined by measuring between the incident and reflected
rays. | | |
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136.
|
You
are holding a paper with the word PHYSICS printed on it in front of a flat mirror. All of the
following statements about the image formed by the mirror are correct EXCEPT that
the: A) | image appears
twice as far from you as you are from the mirror. | B) | image is the
same size as you. | C) | word PHYSICS is written backward in the
mirror. | D) | word PHYSICS is written upside down in the
mirror. | | |
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137.
|
An
object is placed in front of a mirror as shown in the diagram below:
Which diagram
represents the image of that object in the mirror?
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138.
|
A
tall person’s eye level is at 2.0 meters high and his feet are at 0 meters
high:
If light rays are reflected so that he is able to see an image of his
feet, approximately how far from the floor do these rays strike the mirror? A) | 2.0
m | B) | 1.0
m | C) | 0.25
m | D) | 0
m | | |
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139.
|
The
bending of a light ray as it travels from air into water is known as: A) | specularization. | B) | reflection. | C) | refraction. | D) | diffusion. | | |
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140.
|
When light
passes, as shown in the illustration above, from a material with a smaller index of refraction into a
material with a higher index of refraction it will: A) | travel straight
through with no bending. | B) | be bent toward the normal. | C) | be bent away
from the normal. | D) | travel down the normal. | | |
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141.
|
The diagram best
illustrates: A) | scattering and
diffraction. | B) | reflection and interference. | C) | transmission and
Doppler effect. | D) | refraction and dispersion. | | |
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142.
|
The diagram
shows a beam of light passing through a curved glass fiber. This is possible due to the effect
of: A) | dispersion. | B) | total internal reflection. | C) | polarization. | D) | diffraction. | | |
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143.
|
The
color of light that is refracted most when it passes through a prism is: A) | red. | B) | orange. | C) | green. | D) | blue. | | |
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144.
|
Which
diagram correctly illustrates light rays as they pass through a converging lens?
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145.
|
Which
of the following colors of light has the greatest index of refraction? This explains why this color
is toward the bottom of a rainbow. A) | Blue | B) | Green | C) | Yellow | D) | Red | E) | They all have the same index of
refraction. | | |
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Material | Index of
Refraction | Vacuum | 1.0 | Air | 1.0001 | Water | 1.33 | Ice | 1.31 | Glass | 1.5 | Diamond | 2.42 | | |
Table
23-1A
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146.
|
Referring to Table 23-1A, as light travels from a vacuum into a substance, in which
substance will the light experience the greatest change of direction? A) | Air
| B) | Water | C) | Glass | D) | Diamond | | |
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147.
|
The diagram
above shows a ray of light (R) incident upon a surface at an angle which is greater than the critical
angle. Through which point is the ray most likely to pass? Refer to Table 23-1A.
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148.
|
The
illustration shows the image of four fish in a pond:
If a fish is
actually located at position B, at which position would the IMAGE of that fish appear for a person
looking into the pond while standing on the side of the pond? Refer to Table 23-1A.
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149.
|
A
light ray passes from air into a glass block. Referring to Table 23-1A, through which point is the
ray most likely to pass?
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150.
|
The
diagram below represents a ray of green light passing through a glass prism (n
=1.61).
If the same light were to pass through a prism made of diamond (n =
2.42), the path of the light would be best represented by:
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151.
|
A
light ray passes through a converging lens, but does not bend. Describe its path. A) | Above the
optical axis | B) | Below the optical axis | C) | Along the
optical axis | D) | Crossing the optical axis | | |
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152.
|
When
photographic film is exposed to light, the image produced on film is called a: A) | positive. | B) | negative. | C) | CCD. | D) | pixel. | | |
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153.
|
Lenses that are thicker around the edges of the lens than in the middle
are: A) | convex. | B) | converging. | C) | diverging. | D) | dividing. | | |
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154.
|
All
of the following statements about images are correct EXCEPT that images: A) | are organized
light. | B) | can be touched like any object.. | C) | can be formed by
lenses. | D) | form where light rays converge. | | |
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155.
|
The
type of image that can be projected on a screen is always: A) | virtual. | B) | real. | C) | enlarged. | D) | smaller. | | |
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156.
|
A
lens is used to produce an image of an object. If the object is 4 centimeters tall and the image is
12 centimeters high, the magnification of that lens is:
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157.
|
A
virtual image of an object will be produced by a converging lens if the object is
placed: A) | more than five
focal lengths from the lens. | B) | precisely two focal lengths from the
lens. | C) | just beyond one focal length from the
lens. | D) | closer to the lens than one focal
length. | | |
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158.
|
In
the diagram below, f represents the focal point and 2f represents a point at twice the
focal length from the lens.
In which direction does most of the light in Ray R
pass?
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In
each ray diagram, f represents the focal point of the lens and 2f represents a point at
twice the focal length from the lens.
Figure
23-1
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159.
|
Which
ray diagram in Figure 23-1 best represents the formation of a real, enlarged image of the
object?
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160.
|
Which
ray diagram in Figure 23-1 best represents the formation of a virtual, reduced image of the
object?
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161.
|
The
image produced by a diverging lens is always: A) | smaller and upside down. | B) | larger and
upside down. | C) | smaller and right-side-up. | D) | larger and
right-side-up. | | |
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162.
|
The
electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelength are: A) | microwaves. | B) | gamma rays. | C) | radio
waves. | D) | visible light waves. | | |
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163.
|
The
electromagnetic waves that are beneficial in small amounts but responsible for skin cancer, sunburn,
and cataracts in larger amounts are ____ waves. A) | visible light | B) | AM
radio | C) | ultraviolet | D) | infrared | | |
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164.
|
The
energy of light is directly related to its: A) | amplitude. | B) | brightness. | C) | speed. | D) | frequency. | | |
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165.
|
The
speed of light is special because it: A) | can be slowed down in a vacuum. | B) | is the greatest
speed attainable in nature. | C) | is similar to the speed of sound. | D) | is easily
measured using stopwatches. | | |
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166.
|
Which
statement about the frequency and wavelength of visible light is CORRECT? A) | The frequencies
and wavelengths of light are measured using the same units. | B) | The frequencies
and wavelengths of light are similar to the frequencies and wavelengths of
sand. | C) | The frequencies of light are incredibly high and the
wavelengths of light are tiny. | D) | The frequencies of light are low and the wavelengths of light
are large. | | |
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167.
|
To
calculate the speed of light in a material: A) | divide the speed of light in a vacuum by the index of
refraction for the material. | B) | multiply the speed of light in a vacuum by the index of
refraction for the material. | C) | divide the index of refraction for the material by the speed of
light in a vacuum. | D) | add the speed of light in a vacuum to the index of refraction
for the material. | | |
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168.
|
Compared to the speed of light in a vacuum, the speed of light traveling in a material
like glass: A) | is
slower. | B) | is unchanged. | C) | is
faster. | D) | may be faster or slower depending upon the
material. | | |
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169.
|
All
electromagnetic waves have the same speed in: A) | water. | B) | glass. | C) | a vacuum. | D) | plastic. | | |
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170.
|
A
gamma ray with a frequency of 6.0 x 1020 hertz has a wavelength of ____
meters. A) | 1.7 x 10-21 | B) | 5.0 x 10-13 | C) | 2.0 x 1012 | D) | 6.0 x 1020 | | |
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171.
|
All
of the following waves travel at 3 ´ 108 meters per second EXCEPT: A) | light
waves. | B) | sound waves. | C) | microwaves. | D) | X rays. | | |
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172.
|
Which
of the following can NEVER happen when light travels from one material into another? A) | The wavelength
decreases. | B) | The frequency decreases. | C) | The speed
increases. | D) | The speed decreases. | | |
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173.
|
The
speed of light in a vacuum is 3 x 108 meters per second. The speed of light
in a diamond whose index of refraction is 2.42 is ____ m/sec. A) | 7.26 | B) | 7.26 x 108 | C) | 1.24 | D) | 1.24 x 108 | | |
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174.
|
Light
waves display all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A) | resonance. | B) | diffraction. | C) | mass. | D) | wavelength. | | |
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175.
|
The
addition of waves that creates a pattern of alternating dark and light bands is
called: A) | diffusion. | B) | refraction. | C) | interference. | D) | reflection. | | |
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176.
|
The
diagram below represents sunglasses being used to eliminate glare:
The phenomenon represented in the diagram is: A) | dispersion. | B) | polarization. | C) | refraction. | D) | reflection. | | |
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177.
|
A
device that measures the wavelength of light is called a: A) | polarizer. | B) | spectrometer. | C) | liquid crystal
diode. | D) | magnetron. | | |
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178.
|
The
diagram below illustrates two sources of light energy produced at a constant frequency such that the
light falling on the screen at points A and C is bright.
There is no
light at point B. The wave phenomenon represented by this diagram is: A) | interference. | B) | polarization. | C) | reflection. | D) | refraction. | | |
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179.
|
A
device whose operation depends upon the ability of light waves to be polarized is the ___. This is
why when you looked at the laptop screen with the polarizing film, something
happened. A) | LCD. | B) | television. | C) | VCR. | D) | spectrometer. | | |
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180.
|
A
material that selectively absorbs light depending on the orientation of its electromagnetic waves
acts as a: A) | magnetron. | B) | polarizer. | C) | diffraction
grating. | D) | spectrometer. | | |
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181.
|
Looking through a spectrometer, you see a line of light at 410 nanometers. This means
the wavelength of the light is 410 nanometers. The color of this light is: A) | red. | B) | yellow. | C) | green. | D) | violet. | | |
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182.
|
Phosphorus atoms embedded in plastic that absorb light energy will slowly release the
energy in a glow-in-the-dark process known as: A) | photosynthesis. | B) | phototropism. | C) | photoluminescence. | D) | polarization. | | |
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183.
|
Light
is composed of tiny particles of energy known as: A) | protons. | B) | neutrons. | C) | electrons. | D) | photons. | | |
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184.
|
The
energy of physical waves is directly related to its: A) | amplitude. | B) | brightness. | C) | speed. | D) | frequency. | | |
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