Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 1. | Motion that occurs in repeated cycles includes all of the following EXCEPT ____
motion. A) | pendulum | B) | harmonic | C) | linear | D) | circular | | |
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| 2. | A
unit of motion repeated over and over again is called the: A) | amplitude. | B) | cycle. | C) | velocity. | D) | period. | | |
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| 3. | Oscillating systems include all of the following EXCEPT: A) | the moving
pedals on a bicycle. | B) | a radio signal from FM station 90.5. | C) | Earth turning on
its axis. | D) | a block sliding down a ramp. | | |
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| 4. | The
measure of the number of cycles per second is called: A) | frequency. | B) | period. | C) | amplitude. | D) | vibration. | | |
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| 5. | The
unit for measuring the frequency of an oscillating system is the: A) | meter. | B) | meter/second. | C) | hertz. | D) | hertz/second. | | |
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| 6. | The
amount of time required for one cycle to occur is called the: A) | amplitude. | B) | frequency. | C) | harmonic. | D) | period. | | |
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| 7. | A
unit used to measure the period of a cycle is the: A) | second. | B) | hertz. | C) | meter. | D) | newton-second. | | |
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| 8. | In a
mechanical system, the distance an oscillator moves from its average position is
called: A) | amplitude. | B) | cycle. | C) | frequency. | D) | period. | | |
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| 9. | The
reason an oscillator may be used to keep time is the: A) | amplitude of
each cycle is uniform. | B) | period of each cycle is the same. | C) | frequency of its
vibration changes. | D) | period of its cycle can be adjusted. | | |
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| 10. | A
pendulum makes one complete swing over and back in 2.2 seconds. Its frequency is: A) | 0.45
hertz. | B) | 0.45 seconds. | C) | 2.2
hertz. | D) | 2.2 second. | | |
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| 11. | An
insect moves its wings up and down 144 times in three seconds. The period of this movement
is: A) | 0.0208
seconds. | B) | 48 hertz. | C) | 48
seconds. | D) | 144 hertz. | | |
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| 12. | A
string is vibrating at a frequency of 440 hertz. If the frequency is doubled, what happens to the
period? A) | The period
decreases by 1/4. | B) | The period decreases by
1/2. | C) | The period remains the same. | D) | The period
doubles. | | |
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| 13. | When
damping occurs in a moving pendulum system, it may cause the: A) | mass of the
pendulum to decrease. | B) | amplitude of the pendulum to
decrease. | C) | length of the pendulum to increase. | D) | period of the
pendulum to decrease. | | |
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| 14. | A
sound wave is transmitted as the compression and expansion of air. Which of the following represents
one cycle of harmonic motion for a sound wave? A) | A region of high pressure and low
pressure | B) | A region of high pressure | C) | A region of low
pressure | D) | Sound waves do not have cycles of
motion. | | |
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| 15. | The
diagram below represents a graph of harmonic motion:
One cycle of the
motion is represented by the distance from: A) | A to
B. | B) | B to
D. | C) | B to
E. | D) | A to
E. | | |
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| 16. | A
graph of harmonic motion shows that a cycle lasts 8.0 seconds. What is the frequency of this
oscillator? A) | 0.125
hertz | B) | 0.125 seconds | C) | 8.0
hertz | D) | 8.0 seconds | | |
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| 17. | The
period of a pendulum multiplied by its frequency (T x f )
equals: A) | one
amplitude. | B) | one cycle. | C) | the number
one. | D) | one
swing. | | |
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| 18. | Assuming that it takes exactly 24 hours for Earth to rotate on its axis, the frequency
of rotation of Earth measured in hertz is: A) | 0.125 hertz | B) | 0.042
hertz. | C) | 1400 hertz. | D) | 86000
hertz. | E) | 1.157x10-5 hertz | | |
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| 19. | The
unit most frequently used to measure the phase relationship between parts of the cycle of an
oscillator is the: A) | hertz. | B) | meter. | C) | degree. | D) | second. | | |
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| 20. | One
full cycle of harmonic motion is represented by ____ degrees.
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| 21. | Two
oscillators that are 180 degrees out of phase are: A) | one-quarter of a
cycle apart. | B) | one-half of a cycle apart. | C) | three-quarters
of a cycle apart. | D) | one full cycle apart. | | |
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| 22. | The
graph below represents position versus time for the amplitude of a pendulum that was allowed to swing
for four seconds:
Which letter correctly identifies the amplitude of the
pendulum?
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| 23. | The
diagram below represents a segment of a periodic wave:
Which two points represent the same point in a cycle? A) | C and
I | B) | A and
D | C) | B and
E | D) | C and
H | | |
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| 24. | One
cycle of harmonic motion for a certain spring takes 6 seconds. If a second, identical spring is set
in motion 4 seconds after the first, the phase relationship between the motion of the two springs
differs by ____ degrees.
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| 25. | The
diagram represents the harmonic motion of two identical, vibrating
springs:
The phase relationship of the two springs differs by approximately
____ degrees.
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| 26. | Resonance occurs for a system in harmonic motion when the: A) | frequency of the
periodic force is larger than the natural frequency of the system. | B) | frequency of the
periodic force equals the natural frequency of the system. | C) | frequency of the
periodic force is less than the natural frequency of the system. | D) | Resonance cannot
occur for a system in harmonic motion. | | |
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| 27. | If
you triple the mass on a pendulum bob, the period of the pendulum: A) | increases by 3
times. | B) | decreases by
1/3. | C) | does not change. | D) | increases by
1/3. | | |
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| 28. | The
force that brings the motion of an oscillator toward its equilibrium position is called its ____
force. A) | gravitational | B) | strong | C) | restoring | D) | centripetal | | |
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| 29. | You
can change the natural frequency of a pendulum by changing the: A) | mass of the
pendulum bob. | B) | length of the pendulum string. | C) | amplitude of the
restoring force. | D) | The natural frequency of a pendulum cannot be
changed. | | |
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| 30. | As an
oscillating spring is moved farther from its equilibrium position, the: A) | energy does not
change. | B) | amplitude decreases. | C) | period
increases. | D) | restoring force increases. | | |
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| 31. | The
term antinode is another name for the: A) | fundamental frequency of an object. | B) | harmonics of a
vibrating string. | C) | depression on a standing wave. | D) | “bump”
on a standing wave. | | |
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| 32. | Multiples of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string are
called: A) | harmonics. | B) | amplitudes. | C) | interferences. | D) | nodes. | | |
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| 33. | Which
of the following is NOT a property of waves? A) | Frequency | B) | Amplitude | C) | Speed | D) | Weight | | |
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| 34. | Under
ordinary circumstances, a ____ wave is the slowest wave. A) | light | B) | radio | C) | sound | D) | water | | |
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| 35. | The
product of the frequency and the length of a wave yields its: A) | period. | B) | amplitude. | C) | cycle. | D) | speed. | | |
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| 36. | A
sound wave, generated at a frequency of 440 hertz has a wavelength of 2.3 meters as it travels
through a solid material. The approximate speed of the wave is ____ m/sec.
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| 37. | Vibrating strings and similar systems have resonance patterns that occur
at: A) | frequency
intervals of 12 hertz. | B) | amplitude intervals of one meter. | C) | multiples of the
fundamental frequency. | D) | frequency intervals equal to wave speed times
wavelength. | | |
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Figure
20-1A
The diagram represents a wave pattern in a certain
medium. Answer the following questions based on the diagram.
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| 38. | Referring to Figure 20-1A, the wavelength in the diagram is represented by the
distance from: A) | A to
D. | B) | B to
C. | C) | D to
F. | D) | F to
G. | | |
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| 39. | Referring to Figure 20-1A, the distance from point A to point G is 6.0 meters. If the
speed of the wave is 330 meters per second, the frequency of this wave is ____ Hz.
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| 40. | A
student does an experiment with a string vibrating at 20 hertz and observes the resonance pattern
shown in the diagram:
The speed of the wave on the string is ____ m/sec.
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| 41. | The
wavelength of a certain frequency of light is 5 x 10-7 meters. If the speed of light is
300,000 km/sec, the frequency of the light is ____ hertz. A) | 1.67
x 10-15 | B) | 1.67 x 10-12 | C) | 6.00
x 1011 | D) | 6.00 x 1014 | | |
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| 42. | The
bending of a wave front around a barrier is called: A) | reflection. | B) | refraction. | C) | diffraction. | D) | absorption. | | |
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| 43. | If
your fingertip repeatedly touches the surface of water in a container at regular intervals, the
action will produce: A) | planes waves. | B) | circular
waves. | C) | crests only. | D) | troughs
only. | | |
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| 44. | The
diagram represents a wave interaction as wave fronts pass through a small opening. This is an example
of:
A) | diffraction. | B) | refraction. | C) | reflection. | D) | absorption. | | |
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| 45. | As a
wave front crosses a boundary between two different media, the wave front may change direction, an
interaction known as: A) | reflection. | B) | refraction. | C) | diffraction. | D) | absorption. | | |
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| 46. | Theaters often use heavy curtains to reduce echoes during performances. The function
of the curtains is to ____ sound. A) | refract | B) | reflect | C) | diffract | D) | absorb | | |
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| 47. | Diffraction causes waves to: A) | bounce off hard surfaces. | B) | spread out
through small openings. | C) | become smaller as they move. | D) | increase their
frequency. | | |
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| 48. | The
process by which the amplitude of waves is reduced as a wave loses energy while moving through a
substance is called: A) | reflection. | B) | diffraction. | C) | absorption. | D) | refraction. | | |
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| 49. | The
direction a wave moves is: A) | parallel to the wave fronts. | B) | perpendicular to
the wave fronts. | C) | in the direction of increasing
amplitude. | D) | in the direction of decreasing
frequency. | | |
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| 50. | You
are still able to hear sounds coming from a room when the door is open only a tiny crack due
to: A) | reflection. | B) | refraction. | C) | diffraction. | D) | absorption. | | |
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| 51. | Waves
are affected by boundaries. When a wave front meets a certain boundary, all of the following may
occur EXCEPT a change: A) | of direction. | B) | in the pattern
of the wave front. | C) | of frequency. | D) | of
amplitude. | | |
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| 52. | Two
large waves on the ocean come together on the ocean’s surface to form a gigantic wave. The
interaction responsible for this is called: A) | frequency amplification. | B) | constructive
interference. | C) | destructive interference. | D) | amplitude
destruction. | | |
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| 53. | Devices like a guitar, a piano, and a microwave oven function using
controlled: A) | standing
waves. | B) | destructive interference. | C) | frequency
amplification. | D) | amplitude reduction. | | |
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| 54. | Resonance in waves is created by: A) | longitudinal waves only. | B) | constructive
interference with a wave’s own reflections. | C) | diffraction of a
wave around an object. | D) | absorption as a wave crosses a
boundary. | | |
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| 55. | The
natural frequency of a guitar string can be changed using any of the following means
EXCEPT: A) | increasing the
length of the string. | B) | plucking the string with greater
force. | C) | increasing the thickness of the
string. | D) | decreasing the length of the string. | | |
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| 56. | Which
wave interaction could be demonstrated by a single wave pulse? A) | A standing
wave | B) | Reflection | C) | Constructive interference | D) | The
superposition principle | | |
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| 57. | Which
pair of moving pulses in a rope will produce destructive
interference?
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| 58. | Two
pulses are traveling along a string toward each other as represented in the diagram
below:
Which phenomenon will occur as the pulses meet? A) | Interference | B) | Diffraction | C) | Reflection | D) | Refraction | | |
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| 59. | Maximum destructive interference between two waves will occur when the waves are out
of phase by ____ degrees.
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| 60. | Which
pair of waves produces a resultant wave with the largest amplitude?
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| 61. | Maximum constructive interference between two waves of the same frequency could occur
when their phase difference is:
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| 62. | For a
standing wave to form in a medium, two waves must: A) | travel in the
same direction. | B) | have different wavelengths. | C) | have the same
frequency. | D) | have different amplitudes. | | |
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| 63. | The
musical term “pitch” is most directly proportional to: A) | amplitude. | B) | volume. | C) | wavelength. | D) | frequency. | | |
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| 64. | The
loudness of sound is measured in units called: A) | newtons. | B) | pascals. | C) | hertz. | D) | decibels. | | |
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| 65. | Ordinary conversation, measured in decibel units, would be most nearly ____
dB.
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| 66. | The
term applied to objects that travel at speeds exceeding the normal speed of sound in air
is: A) | subsonic. | B) | supersonic. | C) | sonogram. | D) | reverberation. | | |
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| 67. | As
the decibel level increases from 20 decibels to 40 decibels, the loudness of the sound is described
as: A) | 10 times
louder. | B) | 2 times louder. | C) | 10 times
quieter. | D) | 2 times quieter. | | |
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| 68. | Due
to the Doppler effect, the pitch of the siren of a fire truck moving away from you: A) | decreases. | B) | increases. | C) | increases then
decreases. | D) | does not change. | | |
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| 69. | The
four diagrams below represent the amplitude of sounds produced versus time. Which diagram represents
a complex sound? |